Graves' Disease is a common disease caused by a malfunctioning immune system. As far as the cause of this disease is known, the immune system normally produces antibodies designed to detect viruses and other unusual substances, making it unclear why it occurs. In this condition, thyroid hormones are overproduced, and this condition is also called hyperthyroidism. An overactive thyroid causes hyperthyroidism when a hormone that regulates thyroid function is released to the pituitary gland and interferes with the normal thyroid cycle. There are many symptoms of this disease, such as a rapid heartbeat, hand tremors, intolerance, weight loss, difficulty sleeping, nervousness, exhaustion, frequent bowel movements, irregular periods, and difficulty becoming pregnant. About 30% of people with graves disease expirenced symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Generally, Graves' ophthalmopathy affects muscles and other tissues around your eyes due to inflammation and immune system events, Symptoms include puffy or retracted eyelids, a gritty sensation in the eyes, pressure or pain in the eyes, and vision loss among others. Grave's disease can affect anyone today, but there are a number of factors that increase its occurrence which includes Family history, There can be genes of one family member that passes to future generations which increase the possibility of getting this disease. In addition to Grave's disease, autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and immune system disorders are more likely to affect people before they turn 40 and these inclue risk factors such as Prengnancy, Women particularly who have genes that increase their risk. Emotional or Physicall stress, Stressful events which acts as trigger for Graves' disease among people who have genes that increase their risk. Smoking which can affect the immune system which automatically increases the risk of Graves' disease, they are also at increased risk of developing Graves' ophthalmopathy. These symptoms can lead of complications of this disease which causes pregnancy issues such as miscarages, preterm birth thyroid dysfunction or poor fetal growth.
Heart disorders that can lead to heart rhythm disorders and changes the structure and function of the heart muscles which leads to heart failure. Thyroid storm; fever, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, delirium, severe weakness, seizures, irregular heartbeat, yellow skin and jaundice, severe low blood pressure, and coma. Brittle bones and your body's ability to incorporate calcium into your bones. Some examples to Diagnose Graves Disease you doctor would run a blood tests which can determine your thyroid stimulating hormone and the pituitary hormone that normally stimulates the thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine; this test is performed by giving the patient iodine to make thyroid hormones and scanning your thyroid gland with a special scanning camera. Ultra sound; contains high frequency sounds to get structures inside the body, it can determine if the thyroid gland is enlarged.
There is no known prevention for this disease since you can’t say when it happens but you can control it by not stressing too much, exercising and making yourself happy and healthy and sleeping well.
There are a lot of ways how this disease can be treated but some ways are Anti thyroid medications; medications such as propylthiouracil and methimazole helps in producing more iodine to thyroid gland and they reduce the risk of liver disease methimazole helps with birth controls so its mainly used by pregnant women. Beta blockers such ropranolol, Atenolol ,Metoprolol , Nadolol; they block the effects of hormone in the body they help a lot with irregular heartbeats, tremors, sweating, diarrhea, and muscle weakness.
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