Down Syndrome

In the United States, Down syndrome is the utmost common chromosomal condition, affecting about 1/700 babies born in the country. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 in humans. They often struggle with developmental challenges, differences in facial features, hearing loss, and even heart defects. While individuals with Down syndrome may face these disadvantages, intervention and support continues to improve their overall quality of life; in addition to new medical developments and research. 

Down syndrome starts when an unusual cell division leads to an extra copy of a chromosome. There are three different types; Trisomy 21, which is the most common type; translocation Down syndrome; and mosaic Down syndrome. It varies in severity, and generally causes intellectual disability and delays. Currently, we do not know exactly why Down syndrome occurs or what factors lead to it. However, specific things can affect the risk, such as older pregnancies later in the mother’s life, being carriers of the genetic translocation, and having had another child with the syndrome. Developmental physical signs are present at the birth of the affected individual and become more prominent. They include a flattened face, almond eyes, short necks, small hands and feet, loose joints, and shorter height. Most kids with the syndrome have cognitive impairment, such as memory problems, focusing, and making decisions. Another complication include problems with the digestive system; they are due to the changes in the structure of the stomach and intestines. 

Even though there is no way to prevent the syndrome, there are many resources for individuals with the syndrome and their parents. Many organizations support Down syndrome, including DSRF, Global Down Syndrome Foundation, and National Down Syndrome society. They aim to increase awareness and help with educational programs, services, and make social connections within the community. Early intervention programs, speech therapy, and physical and occupational therapy also help with development. Additionally support groups and networks give emotional guidance for families. 

To conclude, Down syndrome is a condition caused by a wrong move in cell division that results with an extra copy of chromosome 21. It leads to development changes and physical differences. Down syndrome may give challenges, but with the correct support, individuals can lead fulfilling lives independently for themselves. By promoting acceptance and making sure they have access to services they need, our society can help people with the syndrome reach their utmost potential. 

Works Cited 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Down Syndrome.” Birth Defects, CDC, 26 Dec. 2024, www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/down-syndrome.html. Accessed 29 Mar. 2025. Mayo Clinic. “Down Syndrome.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 12 Nov. 2024, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-2035597 7. Accessed 29 Mar. 2025.